Commercial Harbor Craft Regulation

⚠︎ STATUS: UNDER THREAT

Quick facts

  • 1st

    zero-emission ferry mandate in the United States

  • 2026

    deadline for short-run California ferries to transition to zero emissions

  • 300+

    zero-emission harbor vessels already operating worldwide, with hundreds more on order

What this policy does

California’s Commercial Harbor Craft (CHC) Regulation sets emissions standards for the smaller vessels that keep ports, harbors and waterways moving every day. These vessels support everything from towing and dredging to ferry service, fishing and harbor operations — and they operate close to workers and coastal communities.

  • Tugboats
  • Ferries
  • Workboats (towboats, crew and supply boats, barges and dredges)
  • Commercial fishing vessels
  • Excursion vessels
  • Other commercial harbor craft

The regulation requires harbor craft operators to reduce emissions through measures including:

Cleaner engines: Transition to Tier 3 or Tier 4 engines where required

Renewable diesel: Use cleaner fuels that meet the regulation’s requirements

Zero-emission technology: New excursion vessels must be zero-emission capable, and short-run ferries must transition to zero emissions

Engine upgrades: Tugboats and workboats must meet increasingly stringent emissions standards

Reporting and recordkeeping: Ports and facilities that host harbor craft must maintain required records and report compliance information

ZEAT Credits: Provide Zero-Emission and Advanced Technologies (ZEAT) Credits to recognize early adopters of cleaner technologies

The U.S. EPA has approved the majority of CARB’s federal authorization request, allowing California to enforce key portions of its Commercial Harbor Craft standards.

Where things stand

What’s happening: The Western States Petroleum Association (WSPA) is challenging the federal authorization for California’s Commercial Harbor Craft standards — the same legal effort targeting the federal authorization for California’s At-Berth Regulation.

What’s at stake: A successful challenge could put several important gains at risk.

  • Emissions reductions already underway
  • Clean technology investments made by ports and vessel operators
  • The market signal that has encouraged companies to develop and deploy zero-emission and low-emission marine technologies

California’s standards have helped drive investment in cleaner vessels, including electric, hybrid and hydrogen-powered technologies.

Examples include the nation’s first fully electric tugboat at the Port of San Diego, the world’s first parallel-hybrid vessel at the Port of Los Angeles, and the world’s first hydrogen fuel-cell ferry at the Port of San Francisco.

Rolling back the regulation could also strand existing investments in shore power infrastructure and other emissions-control technologies.

Why it matters

  • Cleaner air for workers and communities

    Commercial harbor craft operate throughout the day, from towing and dredging to ferrying and fishing. Their emissions can affect workers and nearby communities throughout daily operations. Harbor craft pollution is among the top three contributors to cancer risk near the Ports of Los Angeles, Long Beach, San Diego and Oakland.

  • Significant public health benefits

    CARB estimates that the Commercial Harbor Craft Regulation will reduce diesel particulate matter by 89% and nitrogen oxides by 54%, while generating approximately $5.25 billion in public health benefits and avoided health care costs.

  • The technology already exists

    Zero-emission marine technology is no longer theoretical. More than 300 zero-emission harbor vessels are already operating worldwide, with hundreds more on order. California’s standards help create the market demand needed to bring these technologies to more working vessels and ports.

  • A measurable emissions reduction

    By 2038, CARB estimates that the pollution reductions from the regulation will be equivalent to taking approximately 246,000 heavy-duty diesel trucks off the road for a year. That means cleaner air for the people who work in and live near California’s ports and harbors.

Take action

Protect California’s CHC standards

California’s CHC Regulation is reducing pollution from tugboats, ferries, workboats and other vessels that operate close to workers and coastal communities. Now, these protections and the investments they’ve helped drive are under threat.

Urge your elected representatives to defend California’s CHC standards and protect the progress toward cleaner vessels and healthier communities.

Timeline & key dates

2009
Regulation adoptedCARB adopts the Commercial Harbor Craft Regulation, including the nation’s first zero-emission ferry mandate.
2022
Regulation strengthenedCARB updates the regulation to accelerate emissions reductions, with new requirements beginning to take effect January 1, 2023.
2025
Federal authorization approvedThe U.S. EPA approves the majority of California’s federal authorization request, clearing the way for enforcement of key CHC requirements.
2026
Zero-emission ferry deadlineShort-run California ferries must transition to zero-emission operation.

Please note: The CHC Regulation includes phased implementation timelines, compliance extensions and technology-review provisions designed to account for market readiness and technology availability.

CARB developed the regulation through an extensive stakeholder process. The phased approach gives vessel operators and businesses time to plan, invest in new technologies and transition their fleets while reducing harmful pollution.

The result is a framework that moves California toward cleaner maritime operations while supporting the continued evolution of zero-emission marine technology.

Learn more. Share the facts.

Want to learn more about California’s CHC Regulation and what’s at stake? Download our CHC Regulation fact sheet to learn how the policy works, why it matters for workers and coastal communities, and what could happen if these protections are rolled back.

Download fact sheet

Top